Spark’s Message in a Bottle Intro Free Essays

This area will give brief portrayal on different significances of the investigation. To understudies. The proposed investigation will associate understudies confronting passionate troubles, for example, peer pressure while scholastically battling. We will compose a custom article test on Spark’s Message in a Bottle Intro or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now To educators. The proposed investigation will assist instructors with having further comprehension with their understudies having injury. With this, educators will have more grounded establishment as direction of their students. To future scientist. The proposed examination will profit and help the future analyst as this fill in as their guide. This would be a key with our economy constantly battling o push forward. Extensions and Limitations The extent of this examination is the discovery of a person in horrendous accidents in life especially with the departure of an affection one. This gave advances assembled from solid sources on the best way to manage such circumstances. Then again, this examination limits with mental/passionate restoration. Approach The strategy utilized in this examination was the engaging one. It expects to depict and decipher what the subject is. The said strategy in research composing fitted this investigation as it includes the components or understanding of the importance or criticalness of what is portrayed. Likewise, the procedure utilized by the gathering was content investigation which can be applied to inspect any bit of composing or event of recorded correspondence. Way to deal with Literary Criticism The procedure of distinct exploration which goes past negligible social affair fit as the gathering made good, humanistic or full of feeling approach characterized shut to â€Å"morality’ of writing and to inquiries of moral goodness or disagreeableness legitimately influenced by the additionally made in this investigation as breakdowns concerns character, internal drives and despondency. Method The analysts, with the strategy of making this examination, broke down first the novel they are to utilize. They assembled helpful assets principally handling the difficult they are to concentrate on. The creation of a postulation comes next along with the plan of inquiries they are to reply in this examination. They caused a layout from the information they to have close by and begun taking notes. In conclusion, the gathering has begun the definition of their paper. Instruments Used The specialists utilized instruments, for example, books and web assets for the investigation. Articles from dependable magazines and scholarly papers were additionally considered by the gathering. The tale which turned into the premise of the investigation was entitled Message in a Bottle composed by Nicholas Sparks. Step by step instructions to refer to Spark’s Message in a Bottle Intro, Papers

Health and Social free essay sample

I am attempting to find the physiological issue asthma has influenced the manner in which he lives, how it influenced the lungs and the way he breaths. For the meeting I thought of reasonable inquiries which I would represent the individual, for example, how could you perceive how you had asthma ? , how did asthma come into the framework (hereditary or normal). What was the age you discovered you had asthma and to what extent have you had the physiological issue for? I addressed the individual and pose my inquiries in the correct way and in an efficient way, the individual had answer the inquiries the most ideal way and detail as could reasonably be expected and I’ve gathered all the data by recording what he has clarified after every inquiry I’ve posed, the meeting continued for 20-30 minutes. I didn’t need to disclose to the person who I was as I was a relative and I disclosed to him what I was doing which was discussing a physiological issue. We will compose a custom article test on Wellbeing and Social or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Asthma is a typical long haul condition that can cause hack, wheezing and shortness of breath. These are seriousness of the manifestations which can change from individual to individual, and asthma can be controlled well in the vast majority more often than not. Asthma is brought about by aggravation of the aviation routes, these are little cylinders called bronchi which would complete oxygen in and of the lung, as the individual bronchi would excite and turn out to be more delicate than ordinary, when the individual comes into contact with something that disturbs his lungs (trigger off) his aviation routes become limited and the muscles around the lungs fix which causes him to have issues with challenges breathing, wheezing and hacking and furthermore close chest. A side effect of his asthma is an asthma assault, which may require treatment from emergency clinic care experts as it albeit uncommon. The individual has ceaseless asthma which is long haul, long haul aggravation of the aviation routes may prompt progressively lasting narrowing, the individual has had asthma since he was a youngster, his reasons for asthma wasn’t completely comprehended as it was run in the family as his mom and father both had the condition. The normal triggers of the individual was anything which bothered the aviation routes in his body and welcomes on the side effects of asthma, the regular triggers which set is condition off was talking in smoke while present around smokers in the house hold, practice which was strolling, in the outside air watching rugby as he is a major rugby supporter. His manifestations may trigger off as of the climate conditions, change of temperature, cold air and blustery days. The reasons for the individual asthma was hereditary, additionally the manifestations of the condition could run from mellow to serious as the asthma could deteriorate which is an asthma assault as a portion of his side effects may incorporate him feeling winded which makes him wheeze for breath and furthermore taking in oxygen likewise hacking which occurs at day or may occur around evening time. He had experience these signs and side effects at 27 years old as he was at the rec center practicing and out of nowhere lost his breath while running on the treadmill and it had activated of the asthma. The individual finding the is probably going to have the option to make a the analysis as his GP got some information about his condition and how the indications occur, how regularly they occur and furthermore in the event that you notice anything witched began the asthma off. The test which the GP completed about his condition was the spirometry which did to get to how well his lungs functions, additionally he needed to inhale into a machine called a spirometer. The spirometer takes two estimations which is the volume of his air that breaths out in 1 second as called the engaged expiratory volume in 1 second and the all out breaths he breaths out is known as the constrained indispensable bondage. The GP requested that he inhale out a couple of times to get a reliable perusing and that the perusing is contrasted and ordinary estimation for his age, which of indicated him if his aviation routes are blocked. The PEFR (perk expiratory stream rate test) which is a little hand held gadget which is known as an advantage stream meter which estimated how quick he could blow freshen up of the lungs in a single breath. This pinnacle stream would be brought home with him and day by day recording would be taken to assist him with recognizing if his asthma compound, additionally he mentioned to me what other test what different tests which the GP give him were a sensitivity testing, aviation route reaction mindfulness and aviation route irritation. The treatment which he had with his asthma which the GP was helping him get the asthma under controlled and from compounding, the consideration for his condition was acceptable as he had all the full data about his condition and furthermore realizing how to control the asthma, he was having standard looks up to guarantee his asthma as under great control and the treatment was directly for him, as he was given two inhalers which were blue and earthy colored, yet now his asthma have decline as he overweight and he additionally unfortunate however now only one inhalers. He disclosed to me that his asthma individual arrangement which him and the specialist recommended would help him in to what steps to take for diminishing the condition from deteriorating.

thank u, next (book) 7 Books for Ariana Grande Fans

thank u, next (book) 7 Books for Ariana Grande Fans On Thursday, April 18, pop star phenomenon Ariana Grande seemed to announce she was leaving Twitter. The message to her fans, which was deleted not long after she shared it, read, “so take breaks n read books [black heart emoji] limit your time on here. you’ll feel so much better, your brain will thank u. dw, i’m not leaving forever, imma come on check on u bc i love u but read…… some……. books. [notebook emoji]” (sic). Fans were left wondering what to read and asking Grande for suggestions (or that she write a book herself publishers, are you listening?). recommend us some good books sis dilara (@breakfreess) April 18, 2019 Can we start an Ariana grande book club, please? Margo??? (@Imagnetoulouse) April 18, 2019 Recommend a whole ass book list.. no even better I want a whole book club website where you recommend books each month and we get a free grande (see what I did there) drink at Starbucks for every book we finish reading and post a review on! ?? Lead Between ?? | JK snatched my lifeboat (@zainababab_1997) April 18, 2019 whats ur fav book billie (@tearsroki) April 18, 2019 What books do u recommend? Love u? SoulSearching (@thnk_u_next) April 18, 2019 book recommendations pls ma’am ? (@backoyou) April 18, 2019 what books are u reading evie | ia exams (@quitcloud) April 18, 2019 Love you so much !!! I will limit me screen time !!!! Cause u will still be here when I get back !!! Someone tell me a good book !!!! arianagrandefan (@arianag19042853) April 18, 2019 any book recommendations queen anele (@ghostindaya) April 18, 2019 Good news, Arianators, we’ve got a list for you! While you grieve the loss of Ari’s Twitter, we hope these will comfort you. Check out these seven books for Ariana Grande fans and let us know what you would recommend. 7 Books for Ariana Grande Fans Text Me When You Get Home by Kayleen Schaefer for fans of “7 rings” Bought matching diamonds for six of my bitches / I’d rather spoil all my friends with my riches A celebration of friendships amongst women, Text Me When You Get Home explores the history, meaning, and legacy of the powerful relationships women have. From Galentine’s Day to Medieval friendships between women, Schaefer brings her subject to life in a way many women will recognize. As she shares stories about her own friendships, Schaefer admits she wasn’t always so proud of her rapport with other women. Rejoice in your lady brunch dates and singing Ari at the top of your lungs with this quick nonfiction read. Wrong in All the Right Ways by Tiffany Brownlee for fans of “Side to Side” ‘Cause I know you got a bad reputation / Doesn’t matter, ‘cause you give me temptation Emma is always on top of things. She’s a girl with a plan and as the college application process gets closer, she’s focused. But when Emma’s family takes in her new foster brother, Dylan, her world is thrown upside-down. Like Heathcliffe of Emma’s Wuthering Heights studies (and the subject of Grande’s “Side to Side”), Dylan is wrong in all the right ways. A relationship with your foster brother is wrong, though right? With a dark past of his own, Dylan is mercurial and struggling to settle in as it is but it’s hard to resist when temptation is just down the hall. Always Never Yours by Emily Wibberley and Austin Siegemund-Broka for fans of “Breathin’” Feel my blood runnin’, swear the sky’s fallin’ / How do I know if this shit’s fabricated, oh? With every boy she dates, Megan seems to be the lucky charm he always finds his one true love in the midst of their relationship (and it’s not with her). So when Megan meets Owen, whose dream it is to write plays, during their school’s production of Romeo and Juliet with her cast as Juliet, she’s pretty sure this relationship will be just as doomed as the one Shakespeare wrote. It’s impossible to know if this is for real unless she tries, though. But will she get burned? The Sun Is Also a Star by Nicola Yoon for fans of “God Is a Woman” I don’t want to waste no time, yuh / You ain’t got a one-track mind, yuh Scientifically-minded Natasha is pretty sure of herself and the world, even as it’s falling apart as her family prepares to be deported to Jamaica. On her last day in the United States, she’s determined to find a way to stay. Then there’s Daniel, a hopeless romantic who doesn’t know that he’s good at much but he does know love is real. When the pair meet in several twists of fate, Daniel is convinced he can use science to get Natasha to fall for him by the end of the day. While Natasha entrances Daniel like some kind of goddess, his intentions are far beyond one short day together. With the universe swirling around them, is fate enough to keep them from separating? Thick: And Other Essays by Tressie McMillan Cottom for fans of “Problem” One less problem without ya / I got one less problem without ya McMillan Cottom brings together a collection of essays on her observations of modern society. With a sharp perspective, she takes no prisoners in comments on topics trivial (pumpkin spice lattes) and serious (politics). McMillan Cottom has no time for nonsense and suffers no fools she really has one less problem without ya. Decidedly feminist and intersectional at every turn, this is an essay collection empowered women will love. The Disappearance of Sloane Sullivan by Gia Cribbs for fans of “Dangerous Woman” Nothing to prove and I’m bulletproof and / know what I’m doing For as long as she can remember, Sloane’s life has been a life on the run. In each new place, she practices drills along with Agent Markham Sullivan to ensure she can escape any situation and blend in seamlessly in each community. But now she can settle into being Sloane or so she thinks. Before long, she’s shocked by someone from her old life turning up and suddenly her safety in the Witness Protection Program is at stake. The allure of the comfort of her old life is a lot to resist and now Sloane must decide between the familiar Jason and the cocoon of security she’s worked so hard to build. She may be dangerous, but so is love. And We Stay by Jenny Hubbard for fans of “thank u, next” Plus, I met someone else, / we havin’ better discussions / I know they say I move on too fast, / but this one gon’ last / ‘cause her name is Ari / and I’m so good with that After a terrifying event in her high school involving her boyfriend, Emily Beam transfers to a quiet boarding school not far from the home of Emily Dickinson. As she works through the semester to process what Paul did and what she did Emily must come to terms with herself and her past. Emily knows she can’t take responsibility for Paul’s actions, but to heal she has to move forward and put herself first. What books for Ariana Grande fans would you recommend? https://twitter.com/onIynasa/status/1118970035156942849 Happy reading, Arianators!

On Living in a Cold Country by Hugh MacLennan Free Essay Example, 1000 words

To the said authors, affecting the Canadian literature was indeed a hard matter to consider. But still, both writers knew that pursuing their dreams of affecting people through writing would do them better than that of simply listening to what other people say. It is through this that Canada, amidst the environment that it has for writers had actually become one of the most important stepping-stones for both authors of the Canadian literature. As well said by many other writers, it is the challenge that real talent grows from bud to a wonderful fruit of fine beginnings. In his autobiography, McLennan began with the narration of his experience in talking with a writer while on a cruise ship. It is through this particular journey that his aim of becoming more than just a scholar grew and took hold of his life as he grew towards maturity. The words of the writer about his own experiences, his triumphs, and mistakes in his path towards becoming a writer actually served as a lesson learn ed on the part of McLennan. Certainly, it is through this particular thinking that the said classical writer was able to realize that he too could become the writer that he actually wants to be. We will write a custom essay sample on On Living in a Cold Country by Hugh MacLennan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Understandably, it could be observed that her love for writing came gradually. Her realization of the talent that she has grown to fondness that she knew she should give way to. However, life McLennan, she too observed the challenging situation that she has to face as a Canadian writer who simply wants to make a fine contribution to her country and her countrymen.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media - 1292 Words

Abstract: Social media networking has completely transformed the way businesses market and recruits potential employees. Marketing and recruiting was simply done through printing ads in newspapers. Now social media networking is done through â€Å"posting† open discussions on the business website or social media sites. Social media has allowed business to also promote their brand, hire, communicate, and connect with many people and organizations. This paper will help you to understand how businesses incorporate social media as a vital tool when hiring, marketing and connecting with potential employees and organizations. It will also explore some of the advantages and disadvantages of social networking within an organization. In the†¦show more content†¦Trying to find the perfect candidate can be a difficult for organizations due to the amount of competitive tactics business use in today’s market place, such as ads, campaigns, and referrals. This has allowed many businesses to incorporate social media into their marking and recruitment strategies. Social media was originally designed for its consumer’s entertainment, but now it has rapidly grown into a tool for business recruiting and marketing. Social media recruitment allows business to still practice their formal recruit processes but also can implement social networking. Social recruitment has helped many organizations recruit potential employees with social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Skype, Instagram, Pinterest, etc, which are some of the most commonly used networking site for not only employers but also job seekers. Social Media marketing has become a way to get in more business as well to attract new clients a nd employees. It can also be used to promote an organization’s brand to essentially drive more traffic in. Social Marketing is changing the way people connect and share information. With the rise of the internet, social media has transformed the way organizations recruit, communicate, and connect with its candidates and other businesses. Social Media is growing every day and is becoming more popular in today’s society. Not only can organizations promote job openings through social media, but it can alsoShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media750 Words   |  3 Pages 1 Social Media Somalia Sexton September 30, 2017 HUM/186 Allyson Wells 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of easily obtainable information? Easily obtainable information is convenient for the most part. It allows you to do a million things at once. It saves you a lot of time while getting things done. If you’re a lazy person when it comes to researching things, easily obtainable information is more convenient for you. Easily finding information on the web requires littleRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1177 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: SOCIAL MEDIA 1 SOCIAL MEDIA 5 Social Media Name Institution Date Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages of Easily Obtainable Information In the contemporary world, social networks, and the general internet has an eminent role as sources of wide range information feeding people in different sectors with the type of information they seek spontaneously. Much of easily obtainable informationRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media805 Words   |  4 Pages Society relies on information that they obtain from the news, media, social media sites to gather the newest information or current events. As the technology years keep advancing there are newer forms of finding out current events or situations that are occurring around the world. People are now able to get news faster then what they have a century ago. There’s social media sites like Facebook, there are news channel apps that send you alerts on your cellular device when the storyRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Social Media1025 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of social media Tabitha HUM/186 May 7, 2012 University of Phoenix Advantages and Disadvantages of social media In today’s world, many people depend on the internet for news and entertainment, yet other people worry about how reliable it can really be. Now days you can sign on the internet and find any information that you want, from the weather, to the news, to your favorite video. Many people have started to rely on the internet for research for school, butRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media769 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media Paper Joshua Yates HUM/186 10/1/2017 Allyson Wells â€Æ' The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media and Obtainable Information Social media has become an integrated part of our culture and a useful communication tool when properly used. Every day people log on to social media sites to get updates on everything from celebrities, family, and friends to top stories and breaking news. We also use social media in our professional lives. Individuals use social media as a cost-effectiveRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1041 Words   |  5 PagesNOT APA FORMATTED NO SOURCES Social Media Paper Jerald Washington University of Phoenix HUM/186 â€Æ' In the modern world, it has become very easy to obtain information from social media, and this happens instantaneously. It is essential to appreciate all advantages and disadvantages before making use of social media. One advantage of easily obtainable information is expediency. It is convenient for people to be in one place and catch the hottest news, listen to the fresh top songs onRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1280 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media Brenton Adams HUM/186 08/28/2017 Allyson Wells Social Media We have all seen how friends, family, acquaintances and more talk to each other through social media platforms; often with personal disregard and by providing misinformation. Similarly, we have also seen rotating â€Å"news† articles and other tidbits of information being passed around, though how much is accurate? Being able to have information rapidly available can be beneficial, though distinguishing fact from fictionRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1133 Words   |  5 Pagestakes on social media and when that is applied and used in an organization it is called enterprise social media or networking. Using social media has allowed the people of this world to converse with the push of a button over multiple ways. As with face-to-face communication or email, social media providing means for a company as means for a communication can provide barriers. For organizations, social media could provide many profitable advantages as well as consequences with disad vantages. EnterpriseRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1327 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems and threats but, we could avoid or prevent it from happening. Currently, with the high number of emerging Social Media sites like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and a lot more to discover, we are exposed to all possibilities. These Social media platforms bring along with them advantages where we could greatly benefit from it and also disadvantages. Benefits mean Social Media builds a good relationship with its users among other users too whether it s your long lost friend or mutual friendsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media857 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media Alex Mitchell HUM/186 Allyson Wells October 1,2017 Social Media Social media has changed the world that we live in. With so many people using it for everything from personal use to professional use, it is one of the main ways that we communicate. Social media is not used just for keeping up with family and friends anymore. Nowadays, companies also use social media to help them spread the word of their company. With so much information on social media sites, it

John G Roberts Free Essays

John Roberts By: Juan Castillo Rm. 309 John Glover Roberts Jr. was born in Buffalo, New York, on January 27, 1955, the son of Rosemary and John Glover Jack Roberts, Sr. We will write a custom essay sample on John G Roberts or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1928–2008). When Roberts was in fourth grade, his family moved to the beachside town of  Long Beach, Indiana. He grew up with three sisters: Kathy, Peggy, and Barbara. Roberts attended Notre Dame Elementary School, a Roman Catholic grade school in Long Beach, and then  La Lumiere School, a Roman Catholic boarding school in  La Porte, Indiana. , He studied five years of Latin,  some French, and was known generally for his devotion to his studies. He was captain of the football team, and was a regional champion in wrestling. He attended  Harvard College, graduating with an  A. B. summa cum laude  in history in three years. He then attended  Harvard Law School  where he was the managing editor of the Harvard Law Review. He graduated from law school with a  J. D. magna cum  in laude 1979. After graduating from law school, Roberts served as a law clerk for Judge Henry Friendly on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for one year. From 1980 to 1981, he clerked for then-Associate Justice William Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. From 1981 to 1982, he served in the Reagan administration as a Special Assistant to U. S. Attorney General William French Smith. From 1982 to 1986, Roberts served as Associate Counsel to the President under White House Counsel Fred Fielding. Roberts entered private law practice in 1986 as an associate at the Washington, D. C. -based law firm of Hogan Hartson. As part of Hogan Hartson’s pro bono work, he worked behind the scenes for gay rights advocates, reviewing filings and preparing arguments for the Supreme Court case Romer v. Evans (1996), which has been described as as well as arguing on behalf of the homeless. Roberts left Hogan ; Hartson to serve in the George H. W. Bush administration as Principal Deputy Solicitor General from 1989 to 1993 and as Acting Solicitor General for the purposes of at least one case when Ken Starr had a conflict. In 1992, George H. W. Bush nominated Roberts to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, but no Senate vote was held, and Roberts’s nomination expired at the end of the 102nd Congress. John Roberts argued 36 cases and prevailed 25 of them. On July 19, 2005, President Bush nominated Roberts to the U. S. Supreme Court to fill a vacancy that would be created by the retirement of Justice Sandra Day O’Connor. Roberts was the first Supreme Court nominee since Stephen Breyer in 1994. On September 5, Bush withdrew Roberts’s nomination as O’Connor’s successor and announced Roberts’s new nomination to the position of Chief Justice. Bush asked the Senate to expedite Roberts’s confirmation hearings to fill the vacancy by the beginning of the Supreme Court’s session in early October. How to cite John G Roberts, Essay examples

Key Contextual Factors

Question: Give an overview of the story and key contextual factors. Answer: The morning was a bright one as usual. But for Grace and her family it was the beginning of a new happiness. Grace and Wesley were a happy couple. For a long time they didnt have a decent holiday in years, due to their busy schedule. So they decided to go for a holiday after a long time with their two children. Grace had a sister named Lily, who used to stay very close to her house. Lily was also lucky like Grace with her two children, Tyler and Maddi. Grace loved her sister dearly. There were no such situation or crisis where Grace left Lily alone to handle the situation.(Julien-Chinn, 2014) That day was a day of excitement for Graces family. All the faces were glowing. The taxi was waiting at their door way. Everyone was very happy as after a long time they are going to be together to enjoy to their fullest. But destiny had something else for them. Just as Grace was about to shut the door, Lilys son Tyler (Graces nephew) called Grace to say that Lily is off her medication and raving. Therefore, he and his sister Maddi need serious help from Grace. Grace run to her sister, as she had serious commitment to her sisters. She took her to the hospital and got her admitted. As the children of Lily were left with nobody to take care of them. So, Grace had to take them along with her, which eventually made Graces family unhappy. As they had to cancel their holiday trip for them and now they had to look after them as these two children were the new burden to the family. Therefore, as per the situation, Grace will have to look after Tyler and Maddi, which will not at all go well w ith the family and will result into fight. (Lebow, 2014). A sudden disappear of Tyler and Maddi from the house made Grace worried about them. She went to every corner of the city to find her sisters children at any cost. Then, she was astonished to find the two children at the hospital. The two had walked ten kilometers to see their mum. This made Grace realized that this is something that her own spoilt kids would have never done for her. Now, Grace is in a deep thought that how she could take care of these two special children?(Altman, 2014). An analysis of the application of particular theoretical idea(s) to the story and issues raised in the case study As we know that Grace is in a real trouble with these two children, Tyler and Maddi. Grace had to find someone of her relatives who can really do take proper care of these children for the time being, at least till the day their mum gets well. But if Grace fails to find someone trust worth and responsible then she has to keep these two children with her in her house. But this decision would make a great uncomfortable to Graces family which will eventually lead to fight in the family. If both the families would have maintained good terms between them, then this would not have happened. Graces children would have happily accepted the presence of Lilys children. And Graces children would have learnt the good manners and ethics that Lilys children do possess. A positive relationship must be grown within the children. They must be taught the importance of the family members and the relatives. Grace must take help of the professionals. And must get engage in the family centered practice to bring a positive change in the family. Through this, Grace will not only be successful to provide shelter to her sisters children but will also make her children learn good manners and empathy towards others.(Kotlar De Massis, 2013). Erik Erikson believed children undergo personality development right from their formative age. There are various conflicts that either help in mental development of the child or deteriorate it. An individual develops trust during his or her infant stage when it is the prime time to nurture the bonding with the direct service provider. Only through a safe partnership, a child will be able to develop relationships. Here, in the case, Tyler and Maddi failed to develop any kind of secure attachments after their mother went to hospital. Their aunt Grace couldnt provide them proper security and a relation of trust to them. So, these children couldnt take the situation and feared which eventually led them to go the hospital where their mother was admitted. These children could be helped by providing proper support when they struggle. Some steps should be taken to boost their self-esteem and confidence. Children mix with the outer environment through their games and some other social interactions. Self-confidence is done by interacting with their peers and through encouragement and praise by parents and teachers. During the development, children often face identity crisis and get t rapped into confusion. Self-independence helps them to strengthen their sense of self and also improves their ability to interact with the world. Tyler and Maddi were not provided with proper exposer to the outer world. And even they were not able to interact with others too. Therefore, the insecure condition made then frighten. (Landsman, 2013). Attachment theory, byJohn Bowlbyand Mary Ainsworth, provides ideasfrom the psychological and ethological perspectives to develop human relationships. According to Bowlbys observations, it is very important to develop a close emotional attachment between a child and the primary caregiver, which led to the emotional development of the child. Here, when Lily was hospitalized, Tyler and Maddi was left with no one who will provide them with proper care and love. Grace failed to provide these two little children due to her family which made these children suffer to a great extent (Gurman Kniskern, 2014). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a concept which is all about the basic need of a human life. The theory has hierarchy of needs at five-stages. Biological and Physiological needs are the air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep. Safety needs are the protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear. Love and belongingness needs are the friendship, intimacy, affection and love, which one can get from work group, family, friends, and romantic relationships. Esteem needs are the achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect and respect from others. Self-Actualization needs are the realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Tyler and Maddi lacked all these need in their life after their mother Lily got sick and hospitalized. They were deprived from any kind of basic psychological support. They were not safe as the family of Grace didnt accept them warmth. Grace even failed to provide proper love and the feeling of belongingness to them. As a result, they felt insecure and got afraid, which affected their psychology to a great extent. These kid were even not respected which is the esteem need in the Maslows hierarchy of needs. Grace family disrespected them which eventually affected their ego and made them out of the house and go to the hospital where their mum was admitted. All these lack of needs can never provide self-actualization to Tyler and Maddi. Therefore, they will suffer from self-development. An outline of what principles of family-centered practice would be most useful when working with this family Relations focused applications is imperative in getting desired results.Family centered practice takes place best in the situation when the care giver realise that the parents or immediate guardians are the best persons to understand what is indispensable for their wards and to carry out the task with responsibility.The involvement of the parents in wards learning helps to improve the result for the children. Relations focused applications helps to uplift proper and perpetual care for the childs right from their formative age. This practice helps in understanding and respecting family relationships and also with proper routines and professional help, it makes the children able to develop secure attachments with greater continuity. Family centred practice develop responsive learning programs which makes remarkable learning experiences in the childrens life (Clausen, 2013). The potency of the relatives and guardians is given importance, emphasised in the relationship focused practice. Experts involved in relationship focused practice always do motivate and revere relatives for their movements made. These professionals work collaboratively with families and treat them as mutual partners in the education procedure and the improvement of the ward. An effective family-centred practice must be sensitive, diverse, and flexible. The Experts have a crucial role, that is to provide information to the family members and then they must work together to achieve their priorities. The experts will have to focus on the entire obligations to initiate and develop family centered practice. To beginand to maintain a family centered practice may be a challenging one, therefore, the professionals should highlight on their personal notions and exercises. The family members must be respected and given value as they are the experts in the lives of their children. Professionals are required to make aware that family participation or involvementin a family centered practice could change with the families changing. Interaction plays a crucial role in a family centered practice (Goodnow, 2014). The basic assumptions of the family cantered practice are that the Guardians are key in order to keep up with the effective processes. Therefore, they must get actively involved in their childrens life because they are the ones who know the best possible solution for their wards. Each and every group is different in their own way and hence they would best comprehend the need and want of the children (Buhler, 2013). There are various principles of the family centered practice. The opportunity must be given to every family to choose that how enthusiastic they are about making the decisions for their children. Group members are often motivated to get involved and take active part in all kinds of the childs program like planning, finally the implementation of the idea if it comes out effective. Each family and family member must be treated with respect and must be properly valued. Families are the source of information about the children and these information support to work out proper actions on their strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the professionals would get aware about the need. Services are done according to the requirement of the child and with the guidance by the family members. Services are designed in such a way that it could meet each individual demands, needs and concerns. Aspects which are essential provided by the relatives should be considered seriously. The professional are totally respectful toward the family, starting from their cultural background, language spoken, socio-economic level, methods of coping, to their values and priorities. In this way the services are provided. All these principles should be properly followed to bring out Graces family from the trouble and to provide proper support to Tyler and Maddi, in their crisis. 4. An outline of appropriate or relevant programs or services that would support the family Relationship focused practice is the technique of collaborating with the families, in a formal way as well as in an informal way, across the service structure to improve their ability to care and provide security to children. The service mainly focuses on the safety and security demands of the kids with the help of their families and communities. The motto of this service is tobuild a strong family bonding and use the families' strengths to achieve optimal outcomes of the programs (Payne, 2014). Positive relationships within the family helps the family to be in a solid foundation. Where the educators, families and children can together build strong and secure bonds which eventually offer security and support to the whole family. Professionals must take an amount of sincere interest regarding the families opinions about their children. They must value the beliefs and thought of the family.Professionals must possess a broader and deeper understanding regarding the children who are under their care. They must be more approachable to the children than the formal educators. Positive relationships must be built among the professionals, the children and the family members. All these programs would support Graces family in an effective manner. Grace had no other options left in her hand without these programs which can actually mend her family. These programs will increase the understanding between every member of the family. Hence, it will help Tyler and Maddi with a better social and psychological condition. And will also educate Graces children with proper education towards life. Sometimes children and young people and even their familiesneed external psychological support to get through certain situations in the life. Counsellors understands their emotions and behaviors and help them to deal with the situations.Tyler and Maddi were in need of these professionals who could provide them with proper mental support and some techniques to deal with the crisis situation. Child psychologists diagnose the children and adolescents to solve issues causing emotional or behavioral problems to them. Tyler and Maddi strictly needed psychological treatment to overcome their mental difficulties. They need a proper treatment so that they can develop themselves and make themselves strong enough to face the challenging situation of the life. Child psychologist also makes the children come out of their fears and depressions and boost them up. Child care home and crche are some service provider of the society which provides services to these children. These organizations look after the children with proper care. They also provide food and proper homely environment, where the children like Tyler and Maddi can feel safe and secure. They even can interact freely with the children just like them. These organizations fulfills the duty of taking responsible care which is provided to these child at their homes (Gullv, 2013) There are also individual care taking service provider. They are the ones who takes care of these children in their home when the family faces crisis. They develops the child without hampering their mental stability in a homely environment and also do take proper responsible care to them, regarding their food and daily routine. Tyler and Maddi needed this kind of a caretaker for them. Grace couldnt provide them what they actually needed. But a care taking service provider could have easily solved the problem of them. References: Landsman, M. J. (2013). Family-centered practice. THE CHILDRENS BUREAU. Lebow, J. L. (2014). Editorial: New Frontiers for Family Therapyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Family Centered Practice and Neuroscience. Family process, 53(1), 1-2. Lietz, C., Hayes, M., Cronin, T., Julien-Chinn, F. (2014). Supporting Family-Centered Practice Through Supervision: An Evaluation of Strengths-Based Supervision. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 95(4), 227-235. Mak, L., Hiebert-Murphy, D., Walker, J. R., Altman, G. (2014). Parents decision making and their information needs concerning treatments for child anxiety: Implications for family-centered practice. Journal of Family Social Work, 17(1), 51-67. Kotlar, J., De Massis, A. (2013). Goal setting in family firms: Goal diversity, social interactions, and collective commitment to familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ centered goals. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1263-1288. Hast, A. S., DiGioia III, A. M., Thompson, D., Wolf, G. (2013). Utilizing complexity science to drive practice change through Patient-and Family-Centered Care. Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(1), 44-49. Kuo, D. Z., Houtrow, A. J., Arango, P., Kuhlthau, K. A., Simmons, J. M., Neff, J. M. (2012). Family-centered care: current applications and future directions in pediatric health care. Maternal and child health journal, 16(2), 297-305. Kaakinen, J. R., Coehlo, D. P., Steele, R., Tabacco, A., Hanson, S. M. H. (2014). Family health care nursing: Theory, practice, and research. FA Davis. Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., Pearson, A. W., Barnett, T. (2012). Family involvement, family influence, and familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ centered nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ economic goals in small firms. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 36(2), 267-293. Kotlar, J., De Massis, A. (2013). Goal setting in family firms: Goal diversity, social interactions, and collective commitment to familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ centered goals. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1263-1288. Gurman, A. S., Kniskern, D. P. (2014). Handbook of family therapy. Routledge. Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Palgrave Macmillan. Sigel, I. E., McGillicuddy-DeLisi, A. V., Goodnow, J. J. (2014). Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children. Psychology Press. Buhler, K. (2013). The mental development of the child: A summary of modern psychological theory (Vol. 68). Routledge. Bek, G., Weschler, C. J., Langer, S., Callesen, M., Toftum, J., Clausen, G. (2013). Childrens phthalate intakes and resultant cumulative exposures estimated from urine compared with estimates from dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption in their homes and daycare centers. PloS one, 8(4), e62442. Gullv, E. (2013). Creating a natural place for children. Childrens places: Cross-cultural perspectives, 23.

The Operation Of A Microprocessor Within A PCS free essay sample

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Definition of packet ship or packet liner Packet ships, packet liners, or simply packets, were sailing ships of the early 1800s that did something which was novel at the time: they departed from port on a regular schedule.   The typical packet sailed between American and British ports, and the ships themselves were designed for the North Atlantic, where storms and rough seas were common. The first of the packet lines was the Black Ball Line, which began sailing between New York City and Liverpool in 1818. The line originally had four ships, and it advertised that one of its ships would leave New York on the first of each month. The regularity of the schedule was an innovation at the time. Within a few years several other companies followed the example of the Black Ball Line, and the North Atlantic was being crossed by ships that regularly battled the elements while remaining close to schedule. The packets, unlike the later and more glamorous clippers, were not designed for speed. They carried cargo and passengers, and for several decades packets were the most efficient way to cross the Atlantic. The use of the word packet to denote a ship began as early as the 16th century, when mail referred to as the packette was carried on ships between England and Ireland. The sail packets were eventually replaced by steamships, and the phrase steam packet became common in the mid-1800s. Also Known As: Atlantic packet

The affect of personal characteristics on negotiation Essay

The affect of personal characteristics on negotiation - Essay Example For instance, Miles, Hatfield and Huseman (1989) identified a spectrum of individuals who have different equity preferences. That's why in negotiations it could be unreasonable to adhere strictly to Adams' 'norm of equity', because bargainers' perception of what if 'fair' may be arbitrary. There exist two approaches to buyer-seller encounters in literature (Bazerman et al., 2000; Barry & Friedman, 1998): cooperative and/or problem-solving approach, and distributive and/or competitive. The first type, known also as integrative approach, presupposes conflict resolution, integration, and information exchange among buyers and sellers (Bazerman et al., 2000; Barry & Friedman, 1998; Pruitt, 1981). The competitive or distributive strategy involves threats and excessive demands, seeks to win concessions at the counterpart's expense (Barry & Friedman, 1998; Perdue & Summers, 1991). Miles, Hatfield and Huseman (1987) stayed that equity sensitivity is an individual difference that influence how individuals react to inequity. Equity sensitivity is a 'person's perception of what is and what is not equity and then uses that information to make predictions about reactions to inequity' (King, Miles and Day 1993, p.135). For example, on the one end of the continuum there are the benevolents, or 'givers' who express high satisfaction in relation to others when their output/input ratios are less than the comparison other; they have higher tolerance for under-reward. Also at mid-range there are the equity sensitives, who most closely adhere to the traditional norm of equity (where inputs and outputs are balanced) (Allen & White, 2002). On the other end of the continuum are 'takers', who are most satisfied when they receive more outcomes than inputs (King, Miles & Day, 1993). According to King, Miles & Day (1993), benevolent negotiators, or 'givers', won't provide more in puts, in comparison to their outputs, to their counterparts. In the negotiations these inputs appear in the form of sharing information, making concessions changes, and discussing preferences among bargaining parties, which are critical elements of the cooperative problem-solving strategy. Entitleds, or 'takers' focus on themselves and the outcomes, and are more likely to take action to rectify any imbalance in the input/output ration when compared to their counterparts (Allen & White, 2002; Miles, Hatfield and Huseman, 1989). In the negotiation process entitleds are likely to be less cooperative than their counterparts. So that, it could be expected the following strategies to take place: H1: Benevolent negotiators will demonstrate more cooperative behaviours than entitled negotiators. Because they are more concerned with the outcomes of the bargaining activity and are more likely to follow the cooperative manner of behaviour, they place higher importance to intristic outcomes such as cooperation (King, Miles & Day, 1993). As a result, a positive connection exists between equity sensitivity and negotiators' perceptions of their cooperative behavi

Study on the below clearing houses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Study on the below clearing houses - Assignment Example LCH Clearnet also specializes in risk management operations, thereby following a world-class risk management framework that provides exceptional levels of protection to international markets, which is evident through the management of recent defaults. As demand for superior quality clearing services continues to rise, the company is committed to attaining the pinnacle standards of risk management across all asset classes cleared. London Stock Exchange Group, which is a diversified international exchange group based in London, England, is the majority owner of LCH Clearnet (LCH Clearnet 2013). Figure 1: LCH group organizational structure (Source: Federal Reserve 2011) European Multilateral Clearing Facility (EMCF) EMCF is a clearing house headquartered in Netherlands. Their line of operations includes equity trades that are done on multilateral trading facility throughout Europe or on designated stock exchange. The company was established after the Markets in Financial Instruments Dir ective (MiFID) regulations were passed by the European Union. This directive allowed competition of services provided by the clearing houses. EMCF played a significant role in bringing down the cost of clearing within Europe by competing directly with other established clearing houses, thereby forcing them to reduce prices. The company has been delivering the most translucent and expected pricing for CCP clearing services all over Europe (EMCF 2013a). Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) is a US post-trade financial services company that provides clearing and settlement services to their customers in the financial markets. The company provides a safe and efficient way for buyers and sellers of securities to conduct their exchange. In addition to that, they also provide central custody of securities. The primary function of the company is risk management and they have continued to do so since their inception about 40 years ago. The company is a combination of the Depository Trust Company (DTC) and National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC). With 40 years of experience, DTCC, through its subsidiaries, is the premier post-trade market infrastructure for the global financial services industry (DTCC 2013a). Figure 2: DTCC organizational structure (Source: The official board 2013) SIX Swiss Exchange SIX Swiss Exchange, formerly known as the SWX Swiss exchange, headquartered in Zurich, is one of the two primary stock exchanges in Switzerland. The company also trades other securities such as, Swiss government debt instruments and derivative instruments such as, stock options. Swiss Market Index (SMI) is the main stock market index for the company. The index mainly constitutes of the 20 most noteworthy equity-securities, evaluated on the basis of the free float market capitalization. SIX Swiss Exchange was the first stock exchange in the world known to have implemented a fully automated trading, clearing and settlement system in the year 1995 (SIX 2013a). SIX Swiss Exchange is also the joint owner of Eurex, the largest futures and derivatives exchange in the world, alongside their German counter partners, Deutsche Borse (SIX 2013b). The exchange has a blue-chip index as its principal stock market index. The Swiss Market Index (SMI) comprises of a maximum of twenty of the largest and most liquid large and mid-cap SPI stocks. Figure 3: SIX Swiss organizational structure The executive committee includes: (Source: Nobel Biocare 2013) 2.

The indian FMCG sector

The indian FMCG sector Chapter 1 1.1 Indian FMCG Sector in a nutshell: The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size in excess of US$ 13.1 billion. It has a strong MNC presence and is characterized by a well established distribution network, intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments and low operational cost. Availability of key raw materials, cheaper labor costs and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is set to treble from US$ 11.6 billion in 2003 to US$ 33.4 billion in 2015. Penetration level as well as per capit consumption in most product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, hair wash etc in India is low indicating the untapped market potential. Burgeoning Indian population, particularly the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to makers of branded products to convert consumers to branded products. Growth is also likely to come from consumer upgrading in the matured product categories. With 200 million people expected to shift to processed and packaged food by 2010, India needs around US$ 28 billion of investment in the food-processing industry. The Indian FMCG sector gives employment for three million people in downstream activities. Within the FMCG sector, the Indian food processing industry represented 6.3 per cent of GDP and accounted for 13 per cent of the countrys exports in 2003-04.A distinct feature of the FMCG industry is the presence of most global players through their subsidiaries (HLL, PG, Nestle), which ensures new product launches in the Indian market from the parents portfolio. 1.2 What is in India for FMCG: FMCG Sector is expected to grow by over 60% by 2010. That will translate into an annual growth of 10% over a 5-year period. It has been estimated that FMCG sector will rise from around Rs 56,500 crores in 2005 to Rs 92,100 crores in 2010. Hair care, household care, male grooming, female hygiene, and the chocolates and confectionery categories are estimated to be the fastest growing segments, says an HSBC report. Though the sector witnessed a slower growth in 2002-2004, it has been able to make a fine recovery since then. For example, Hindustan Unilver Limited (HUL) has shown a healthy growth in the last quarter. An estimated double-digit growth over the next few years shows that the good times are likely to continue. 1.3 Growth: With the presence of 12.2% of the world population in the villages of India, the Indian rural FMCG market is something no one can overlook. Increased focus on farm sector will boost rural incomes, hence providing better growth prospects to the FMCG companies. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. FMCG sector is also likely to benefit from growing demand in the market. Because of the low per capita consumption for almost all the products in the country, FMCG companies have immense possibilities for growth. And if the companies are able to change the mindset of the consumers, i.e. if they are able to take the consumers to branded products and offer new generation products, they would be able to generate higher growth in the near future. It is expected that the rural income will rise in 2007, boosting purchasing power in the countryside. However, the demand in urban areas would be the key growth driver over the long term. Also, increase in the urb an population, along with increase in income levels and the availability of new categories, would help the urban areas maintain their position in terms of consumption. At present, urban India accounts for 66% of total FMCG consumption, with rural India accounting for the remaining 34%. However, rural India accounts for more than 40% consumption in major FMCG categories such as personal care, fabric care, and hot beverages. In urban areas, home and personal care category, including skin care, household care and feminine hygiene, will keep growing at relatively attractive rates. Within the foods segment, it is estimated that processed foods, bakery, and dairy are long-term growth categories in both rural and urban. 1.4 Indian Competitiveness and Comparison with the World Markets: The following factors make India a competitive player in FMCG sector: Availability of Raw Materials: Because of the diverse agro-climatic conditions in India, there is a large raw material base suitable for food processing industries. India is the largest producer of livestock, milk, sugarcane, coconut, spices and cashew and is the second largest producer of rice, wheat and fruits vegetables. India also produces caustic soda and soda ash, which are required for the production of soaps and detergents. The availability of these raw materials gives India the location advantage. Labour cost comparison: Low cost labour gives India a competitive advantage. Indias labour cost is amongst the lowest in the world, after China Indonesia. Low labour costs give the advantage of low cost of production. Many MNCs have established their plants in India to outsource for domestic and export markets. Presence across value chain: Indian companies have their presence across the value chain of FMCG sector, right from the supply of raw materials to packaged goods in the food-processing sector. This brings India a more cost competitive advantage. For example, Amul supplies milk as well as dairy products like cheese, butter, etc Chapter 2 Introduction of Hindustan Uniliver Limited (Formerly Hindustan Lever Limited) Brief History: Hindustan Unilever Limited, erstwhile Hindustan Lever Limited (also called HLL), headquartered in Mumbai, is Indias largest consumer products company, formed in 1933 as Lever Brothers India Limited. Its 41,000 employees are headed by Mr.Harish Manwani, the non-executive chairman of the board. HLL is the market leader in Indian products such as tea, soaps, detergents, as its products have become daily household name in India. The Anglo-Dutch company Unilever owns a majority stake in Hindustan Lever Limited. Recently in February 2007, the company has been renamed to Hindustan Unilever Limited to provide the optimum balance between maintaining the heritage of the Company and the future benefits and synergies of global alignment with the corporate name of Unilever. Prominent Brands: Kwality Walls ice cream, Lifebuoy, Lux, Breeze, Liril, Rexona, Hamam, Moti soaps, Lipton tea, Brooke Bond tea, Bru Coffee, Pepsodent and Close Up toothpaste and brushes, and Surf, Rin and Wheel laundry detergents, Kissan squashes and jams, Ponds talc and creams, Vaseline lotions, Fair Lovely creams, Lakmà © beauty products are some of the prominent brands of the company. Power Brands: In mid-2000 after M.S. Banga took over the reins at HLL, the company decided that it would focus on 30 odd Power Brands and carefully plan its entry into new businesses. Intuitively this made sense, instead of spreading your resources all over the place concentrate on a few brands. But what it meant was that power brands had to grow at higher rates to compensate for the loss of sales from other brands. Unfortunately, the other brands have shrunk faster vis-à  -vis the rate at which the power brands have grown. This has hit the top line of the company. The companys Vanasapti brand, Dalda, is a case in point Appointment of Doug Baille : The appointment of an expat, Doug Baillie, as the CEO of consumer heavyweight HLL is seen as an indication of the parent companys desire to hasten the process of Unileverising the Indian subsidiary, it is reliably learnt. Informed sources said Unilever was not very satisfied with the pace of harmonization of HLL vis-à  -vis other global subsidiaries. Within Unilever, it was felt that there was some opposition from HLLs senior management who wanted HLLs Indian ness to be maintained. Project Shakti: It is an initiative take by the group as a way of fulfilling its social responsibility by empowering the less privileged sections of the society we live in. The objectives of Project Shakti are to create income-generating capabilities for underprivileged rural women by providing a small-scale enterprise opportunity, and to improve rural living standards through health and hygiene awareness. Hindustan Lever Network: In February 2003 Hindustan Unilever Limited has launched a new division called Hindustan Lever Network. This division markets a wide range of Fast Moving Consumer Goods through Network Marketing. Network Marketing was pioneered in the United States of America in the 1940s by companies like Amway Corporation and operates by recruiting individuals as consultants. These consultants are paid a commission on the purchases made by them and on the purchases made by those recruited by them. Performance Trends of the company: This table has been taken from the annual report of the HUL for the year ended on 31st December 2006. This table contains key financial indicators which show the performance of the company in year 2006 and its performance trend for last 10 years. Chapter 3 LITERATURE REVIEW While green marketing came into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was first discussed much earlier. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on Ecological Marketing in 1975. The proceedings of this workshop resulted in one of the first books on green marketing entitled Ecological Marketing (Henion and Kinnear 1976a). Since that time a number of other books on the topic have been published (Coddington 1993, and Ottman 1993). Green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. (Polonsky, 1994) World-wide evidence indicates people are concerned about the environment and are changing their behavior accordingly. As a result there is a growing market for sustainable and socially responsible products and services. (Environmental protection agency -2000) Green consumerism is often discussed as a form of pro-social consumer behavi or (Wiener and Doesher, 1991). It may be viewed as a specific type of socially conscious (Anderson, 1988) or socially responsible (Antil, 1984) consumer behavior that involves an environmentalist (Schlossberg, 1991) perspective and may thus be called environmentally concerned consumption (Henion, 1976). A classic definition (Henion, 1976) describes environmentally concerned consumers. Business organizations tend to concern about environments issues due to several reasons such as environmental pressure, governmental pressure, competitive pressure, cost or profit issues (Environmental protection agency -2000) Unfortunately, a majority of people believe that green marketing refers solely to the promotion or advertising of products with environmental characteristics. (Polonsky,1994) and terms like Phosphate Free, Recyclable, Refillable, Ozone Friendly, and Environmentally Friendly are some of the things consumers most often associate with green marketing. . (Polonsky,1994) While these t erms are green marketing claims, in general green marketing is a much broader concept, one that can be applied to consumer goods, industrial goods and even services (Roberts and Bacon, 1997). Hopes for green products also have been hurt by the perception that such products are of lower quality or dont really deliver on their environmental promises. And yet the news isnt all bad, as the growing number of people willing to pay a premium for green products from organic foods to energy-efficient appliances attests. (DSouza et al. 2004)Green or Environmental Marketing consists of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs, with minimal detrimental impact on the natural environment. [Polonsky 1994b, 2] Green marketing has not lived up to the hopes and dreams of many managers and activists. Although public opinion polls consistently show that consumers would prefer to choose a green product over one that is less friendly to the environment when all other things are equal, those other things are rarely equal in the minds of consumers. (Hackett, 2000) They must always keep in mind that consumers are unlikely to compromise on traditional product attributes, such as convenience, availability, price, quality and performance. Its even more important to realize, however, that there is no single green-marketing strategy that is right for every company. (Prothero,, and McDonagh, 1992) Despite the increasing eco-awareness in contemporary market economies, it is generally recognized that there are still considerable barriers to the diffusion of more ecologically oriented consumption styles. In lay discourse as well as in much of consumer research, these barriers are usually attributed to the motivational and practical complexity of green consumption (Hackett, 2000). Increased use of Green Marketing is depending on five possible reasons. (Polonsky 1994b) Organizations perceive environmental marketing to be an opportunity that can be used to achieve its objectives [Keller 1987, Shearer 1990] Organizations believe they have a moral obligation to be more socially responsible [Davis 1992, Keller 1987,] Governmental bodies are forcing firms to become more responsible [Davis 1992]; Competitors environmental activities pressure firms to change their environmental marketing activities [Davis 1992] Cost factors associated with waste disposal, or reductions in material usage forces firms to modify their behavior [Keller, K.L. (1993] Moreover, environmentally responsible behavior usually involves difficult motivational conflicts, arising from the fundamental incompatibility of environmental protection-related collective goals and individual consumers personal or self-interested benefits and the resulting free-rider problem (Wiener and Doesher, 1991) Public policymakers will continue to develop more efficient ways to regulate waste and pollution, and scientists will continue to gather information about the environmental risks from various substances or practices. As they do, pricing structures will evolve that communicate even more accurate information to manufacturers and entrepreneurs about the true cost of commercial activities and the potential rewards from innovative solutions to environmental problems. This definition incorporates much of the traditional components of the marketing definition that is All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants (Sc hlegelmilch et al,1996). There are usually severe external constraints to green consumerism, arising from the cultural, infrastructural, political and economic circumstances in the markets and society (McIntosh, A. 1991). Both individual and industrial are becoming more concerned and aware about the natural environment. In a 1992 study of 16 countries, more than 50% of consumers in each country, other than Singapore, indicated they were concerned about the environment (Ottman 1993). A 1994 study in Australia found that 84.6% of the sample believed all individuals had a responsibility to care for the environment. A further 80% of this sample indicated that they had modified their behavior, including their purchasing behavior, due to environmental reasons (EPA-NSW 1994). Owing to the conceptual and moral complexity of ecologically responsible consumer behavior and to the perplexity of ecological information, different consumers have different conceptions of ecologically oriented consumer behavior and, thus, myriad ways of acting out their primary motivation for being green consumers (Antil, 1984). These innovations arent being pursued simply to reduce package waste. (Prothero, 1990) Food manufacturers also want to improve food preservation to enhance the taste and freshness of their products. The cost of the foods would be lower; consumers could enjoy the convenience of pre-sliced ingredients, and waste peelings (Prothero, 1990). It can be assumed that firms marketing goods with environmental characteristics will have a competitive advantage over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. There are numerous examples of firms who have strived to become more environmentally responsible, in an attempt to better satisfy their consumer needs. (Schwepker, and Cornwell, 1991) While governmental regulation is designed to give consumers the opportunity to make better decisions or to motivate them to be more environmentally responsible, there is difficulty in establishing policies that will address all environmental issues. (Schwepker, and Cornwell, 1991). Hence, environment-friendly consumption may be characterized as highly a complex form of consumer behavior, both intellectually and morally as well as in practice. Chapter 4 Objective of the Study To study the growth in FMCG sector in India. Interpret the results using graphs and calculating various ratios to show growth in FMCG sector with regards to HUL. Research Methodology Research methodology used for calculating the growth rate in FMCG sector is trend analysis in which various important ratios have been calculated and shown by graphs and interpreted. Data collection:- Research has collected necessary information to fulfil this report through secondary data. Secondary Data: The data in this study are derived from the CAPITALINE database. Some of the data has been collected from various other company websites. Chapter 5 Ratio Analysis: Time Series Analysis Liquidity Ratios: Liquidity Ratios indicate the companys ability to meet its short-term liability. These ratios indicate the availability of liquid asset to meet short term obligations. Creditors usually check this ratio to assess the ability of firm to meet its short term obligations. Current Ratio: Current ratio is obtained by dividing Current Assets by Current Liabilities. Current ratio gives a quick understanding of the companys liquidity position but is subjected to window dressing. Current asset consists of Cash, Inventory and Debtors as major items. Though Inventory and Debtors are considered liquid asset, the company may find itself unable to collect debt at right time and convert inventory into cash when it has to pay its creditors. Hence this ratio alone can not provide a clear picture of firms liquidity position. Liquid Ratio: Liquid ratio is a better measure of Liquidity because inventory, which might not get converted into cash when required to do so, is taken out of the current asset for calculating this ratio. Absolute Cash Ratio: It is the best measure of the liquidity since only cash and near cash items are taken for calculating this ratio. Debtors and Inventory are taken out of the Current Asset and thus left part of current asset give a better idea of liquidity of the firm. Working Capital: It is net current asset that a company has to have in order to smoothly run its day to day operation.Net Current Asset is difference between CA and CL. It also indicates how the firm is financing its assets. For example if a company has CL more than CA, i.e. Negative Working Capital, it implies that the company is financing its long term asset from short term funds. Generally CL does not carry any cost and hence it increases the profitability of the firm. Working Capital Days: Working capital days indicate the time taken in completion of the operating cycle. It is a measure of firms policy of collecting debt, making payment to creditors and average inventory holding period. The goods are purchased either in cash or on credit, then it remains with the firm as inventory for some days, then it is sold and debtors are created, then the cash is collected from debtors. So, WCD is Debtors Days + Inventory Days- Creditor Days. Debtors Days: Time taken to convert debtor into cash. It indicates how efficiently the firm is collecting its debt . Creditor Days: It indicates how fast the firm is paying back to its creditors. Inventory Days: How efficiently the firm converts its inventory into debtors, i.e. how efficient the sales are. It also indicates for how long (on an average) goods are stocked. Analysis of Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio of HUL has been less than 1 for all the 3 years taken for analysis. This implies that working capital of HUL is always negative. This is generally considered an aggressive strategy i.e. to financing its long term asset by short term sources that increases profitability because current liabilities are non interest bearing items. There is significant difference between CR and LR which indicates that the current asset of HUL consists of good amount of inventory. Value of sundry debtors is quite low since there is minor difference between LR and ACR. The liquidity ratios have decreased from previous year which shows that HUL has reduced its liquidity further. On analyzing the operating cycle it can be said that HUL takes good amount of time to pay its creditors and this is how it manage to run its operations with negative working capital. Solvency Ratio: Solvency Ratios indicate the companys ability to meet its Long-term liability. These ratios indicate the ability of the firm to return the investment made by its owners and debt providers in the business, in case the company is closed down. These ratios are usually seen by the debt providers or financial institutions in order to assess the risk involved in the business. If the firm is closed down then first it is liable to pay back its loan and then if it is left with something that belongs to the share holders. Debt Equity Ratio: Debt Equity ratio is obtained by dividing Long Term outside Liability (Debt) by Net Worth. This ratio indicates the risk involved for loan givers. If it is too high then the owner may not be that much concerned for profit making since he has invested less in the business and hence getting less return. If the company makes loss ad closed down subsequently, then the owner does not loose much and loan givers will have to bear relatively more losses. This ratio also determines EPS. Interest Coverage Ratio: ICR indicates the firms ability to pay the interest of the loans taken. It is ratio of PBIT to Interest. Debt to Total Funds: This ratio indicates the share of the debt in total sources used to fund the business. Since total sources are equal to total assets, this ratio is analyzed to assess the firms ability to meet its long term liability i.e. ability to pay back its loan, in case the company is closed down. Reserves and Surplus to Total Fund: This ratio indicates the share of the Reserves and Surplus in total sources used to fund the business. Since total source are equal to total assets, this ratio is used to assess the firms ability to meet its long term liability towards its owner that is, ability to return the share profit made by the business that belongs to shareholders, in case the company is closed down. Analysis of Solvency Ratios: The loans taken by HUL were high in 2004 which is indicated by high debt to total source ratio and this is why its ICR ratio was low (as compared to ICR in 2005 and 2006). It has decreased its loan and currently it is financing its business mostly by net worth and current liability. Debt to equity ratio has decreased over the years as it has reduced the loans. Its RS to Total source has increased which indicates that HUL invests accumulated profit into business with decreasing debt. Now HULs assets are financed by net worth and current liability with debt being a small component of total source. Profitability Ratio: Profitability Ratios show how successful a company is in terms of generating returns or profits on the Investment that has been made in the business i.e. the Profitability ratios indicates the ability of the firm to generate and distribute the profit. It can be broadly categorized into profit generating ability (PGA) ratios and profit distributing ability (PDA) ratios. It can be said the higher these ratios the better it is for the company. PBIT to Sales: This ratio is obtained by dividing Profit before Interest and Tax by Sales. This ratio is a measure of the companys profit generating ability on a given volume of sales. This is the most basic ratio of profit generating ability on sales i.e. sales margin because it does not take into account the interest and taxes which the company has to pay. PBT to Sales: This ratio is obtained by dividing Profit before Tax by Sales. This ratio gives the companys profit generating ability on a given volume of sales. This ratio takes the profit after paying the interest in order to assess profit made (profit margin) after all the expenses except tax. Operating Expenses to Sales: It is a measure of the expenses that are incurred on a particular volume of sales. This ratio can be used to analyze the cost incurred and find out the ways to reduce the operational cost without decreasing the sales volume. Return on Net worth (RONW): This ratio gives an indication about the profit being made by the firm on the investment made by the owner. This ratio is used to analyze the business from the perspective of the owner. RONW is an indicator of profit distributing ability of a firm. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE): This ratio indicates the profit making ability of the firm on total capital employed which consists of owners fund and debt. This is a profit generating ability ratio which is seen by owners and debt providers. Return on Total Asset: ROTA tells how efficiently the firm is using its assets or total sources of fund to generate profit. It is a profit generating ability ratio. Earning Per Share: EPS is an indicator of profit distributing ability of a firm. This ratio tells how much profit the firm is making on owners investment on a single share of the company. Dividend per Share: DPS ratio gives an idea of the actual distribution of profit to the owners i.e. profit distributed to shareholders per share. CFO to PAT: CFO to PAT compares the net cash generated from operational activities with net profit made by the firm. It gives an idea as to how much profit is realized and how it is being used in different activities(Investment, financial, Operational) Some of the profitability ratio in this report do not match with the values given in HULS summary of performance because the sales figures taken here are after excise duty whereas the sales figures taken by HUL for calculating these ratios are before excise duty i.e. Gross Sales. Analysis of Profitability Ratios: PBIT as percentage of sales is moderately good and there has not been any significant change in it during last three years. Similar is the case of PBT/Sales. PBT/Sales are higher than the PBIT/Sales for year 2006 and 2005 which indicate that PBT is more than PBIT. This implies that interest paid by the company is negative. On closely watching the financial statement, it has been found that Net Income from Interest for HUL is positive for the years 2006 and 2005 making PBT higher than PBIT. That is because Income Received by the company is more than that to be paid. There has not been any significant change in operating expense as percentage of sales in last three years. For FMCG business the operating expense to sales ratio around 30% can be considered good as the company has to spend heavily on its distribution network and promotional activities. The profit distributing ability of the firm is excellent with return on net worth (RONW) being around 58 % over the years. The profit generating ability similar to the profit distributing ability is pretty good with ROCE over 60% during the year 2005 and 2006. ROCE in year 2005 has increased from the figure of 2004, perhaps because of the decrease in debt (change in capital structure) and increase in current liability (non interest bearing item). Return on total asset (ROTA) has been moderately good with almost constant value of around 22% over the years. The face value of Equity Share of HUL is Rs. 1. Analyzing the EPS and DPS, which are profit distributing ability ratios, for HUL we can see that it has been generating more than 500% times profit for its shareholders over the years. The EPS increased over the years from Rs.5.xx in year 2004 to Rs. 8.xx in year 2006. It has been generous in distributing the profit in form of dividend with DPS Rs 6 in year 2004 and Rs. 5 in year 2005 and 2006. The trend of CFO/PBIT is worth analyzing since the companys CFO is close to its PBIT which indicates that almost entire profit of HUL comes from its operation and the profit is realized. In year 2005 the CFO is higher than PBIT indicating the negative CFF or CFI i.e. the company has realized the profit(in form of cash) and invested in long term assets or paid its long term outside liabilities(loans). Market Based Returns: Market based return figures indicate the firms position in the market and the benefits associated with the investment in company. A small investor, if interested in purchasing the shares of a company, first looks at the market capitalization of the company and return that he can expect on the price paid for the share. Price to Earning Ratio: Return associated with the shares on its market price. Since the investors buy the share at its market price and not at face value or book value, this ratio gives information about the actual return on investment. Market Cap to Net worth (Price to Book Value Ratio): Comparison of market value of the firm with the owners fund. This can give an idea about the success of the company in increasing the value of owners investment. Market Capitalization: Market value of the firm. Market capitalization gives an indication of the companys financial status in the market. Market capitalization is used to compare the size of the organization in term of market value. Average Market Capitalization: Average Market value of the firm over the year. Average is taken because the market value of shares keeps on changing and so is market capitalization. Analysis of Market Based Returns: PER ratio for HUL is not so good with values over 30 in year 2006 and 2005 and somewhat better with value around 25 in the year 2004. It means an investor will get return around 1/30 times on his actual investment. Market capitalization of HUL has increased after 2004. Ratio Analysis: Inter Company Analysis -HUL and ITC Comparison of Liquidity Position: Current Ratio for HUL is negative whereas it is positive for ITC. This indicates that HUL has negative working capital and ITC has positive working capital. ITC is funding its short term asset by long term funds and HUL funding its long term asset by its short term non-interest bearing sources (CL). One more difference in liquidity position of the two companies can be seen through the difference between the CR and ACR. There is huge difference in ACR and CR of ITC which shows that it has less cash or near cash items in its current liabilities whereas for HUL the difference is moderate. Working Capital Days for ITC is positive and WCD for HUL is negative. It can be said that HUL has more current liab

Homeless Assistance :: essays research papers fc

a. Issue: Should the homeless assistance program in Sacramento be reformed to give more money to the homeless while allowing them to apply to the program more than once? b. Facts: Currently in Sacramento, the homeless can apply for homeless assistance only once in their lifetime except for certain extenuating situations. The current program is a success. The amount of people in the program living below the poverty line has fallen 21% in the last seven years. Since 2000, the amount of families applying for the program has dropped 69%. Experts claim the fall in numbers comes from the fact that people can't apply more than once. In 1996, the homeless were allowed to apply for assistance more than once in their lifetime, but this was changed as the experts thought there were too many abuses. Now the only time one can get assistance more than once is if the family finds itself homeless again because of domestic violence, the sudden inhabitability of their home, or certain physical or mental illnesses. While these exceptions are good and cover a good deal, they don't get most of the homeless. The program also comes with certain snags. One of these is that the rent o f the housing the assistance goes to must be less than 80% of the maximum amount CalWORKS gives for a family of the same size. The amount of money families have to pay after the assistance to keep the housing usually comes out to about 2/3 of the salary. With the rising housing prices, analysts predict that it is going to be increasingly harder for the homeless to get housing, first time or not. c. Arguments: This issue pretty much breaks down into two sides. Those who wish to change the system (the homeless and their advocates) versus those who defend the status quo (the government). The government's side is simple. This program is a success right now and many people are getting out of poverty. The state also recognizes that California is in a massive debt. Funding for the program, while possible, is not fiscally responsible. As for not allowing the homeless to apply for assistance multiple times, the government holds that there were too many abuses. I could not find any numbers as to how many abuses there have been. Apparently the number was rather high. In the government's eyes, this program is a success and doesn't need to be tampered with.

Gender Roles in the United States Essay

1. Briefly discuss the history of ethnic relations in the United States. The ethnic history of the United States was long rooted during the colonial period. The first settlements in the United States were the Spanish outposts in the towns of Florida and California and a French outpost in Louisiana. English colonizers declared the United States’ independence in 1776 due to their yearning for freedom from their own country (Doane). â€Å"The class, racial, ethnic, and gender relationships of the contemporary nation have their roots in the colonial period† (Doane). Because of the failure to force Native American settlers to work on the fields, the British settlers resorted in importing African slaves to work on cotton plantations located at the South, while the Whites chose to reside on the North to further hone their emerging industries (Doane). The ethnic relations of the United States during the early years are characterized by the major issue of racism and discrimination based on skin color. During the colonial times, the poor whites and the indentured servants served as bridges for the slaves and the landlords. The poor whites tried to identify themselves with the rich landowning whites and propagated the idea of white racial identity rather than the class identity (Doane). This action in turn reinforced the racial discrimination in the country. The status, skin color and position in the labor market characterized the relationships among racial and ethnic groups. Some of the Blacks migrated northward to work on industrial jobs but disparity continued as they were paid less than the whites on comparable jobs. The Blacks also received less social benefits than the Whites reinforcing discrimination (Doane). 2. Describe the process of gender role socialization. Give examples of how females and males are trained to fulfill the expectations of their gender roles. There is a tendency for the society to mandate societal rules and determine what is right and acceptable to the people. This process is referred to as gender role socialization, wherein social institutions control the society’s expectations on â€Å"dress code, language, personality, leisure activities and aspirations for each sex† (Padavic and Reskin 53). Through this process, people learn their gender identity. The society associates well established values, attitudes, behavior, choices and performance that are appropriate for gender categories such as men and women. People are able to absorb the specific roles that the society is trying to inculcate to the members of a particular sex (Senior 25). Learning our gender roles is important in the aspect of socialization and our interaction with other people. Childhood experiences of socialization prepare the people in their gender and social roles in such a way that adult members of the society are expecting them to behave (Senior 25). Even as children, people have been trained to behave and act according to their biological sexual orientation. And as such, parents reinforce gender role socialization on their child-rearing methods. They give toy guns and robots to their male children and dolls and kitchen utensils to their female children. People may be unconsciously aware but through this method, social roles are being inculcated within the consciousness of children in the society as they become adults. Toy guns for male children depict that males should be aggressive and courageous. Boys are also more exposed to high-tech toys like PSP and Gameboy reflecting their advantage in the technological field of industry. Female children or girls, on the other hand, are encouraged to play with dolls and kitchen utensils to prepare them to their future social roles which are in charged of the household, homemaker and as domestic provider. It also encouraged the attitudes of women to become caring and nurturing. 3. Discuss the evidence, which points to either gender roles being biological or cultural in origin. Base on this evidence, what conclusions can be drawn about the origins of gender roles. Discuss some of the most important sources of gender inequalities in our society. How can these inequalities be alleviated? One of the speculated causes of the significant difference in the attitudes and social characteristics between men and women is their biological structure. It was said that genes and other biological components play a big role in influencing these social characteristics. There are biological explanations provided in an attempt to examine aggressiveness in males. It was already known that the inherent presence of Y gene in the 23rd chromosome makes males susceptible to physical disarray. However, there is no strong evidence explaining the role of genetics in the aggressiveness of individuals, particularly the males. Several indicators of violence have been found to be more evident in males than in females (Englander 122). Research further reveals the role of androgens in the prevalence of violence. Androgens are male sex hormones that are abundant in males. These hormones were indirectly linked to criminal violence and also to traditional behavior. Studies show that women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a medical condition in which androgens are secreted in the uterus of females, have an inclination to male tastes and preferences. Although there is no concrete evidence of the relationship between androgens and violence, it was suspected to be the reason behind men’s more aggressive behavior (Englander 123). Another biological factor that is thought to be responsible behind the violent attitude of men is the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Behavioral patterns are related to the level of MOA presence in the blood. Men are found to have lower levels of MAO than women. Lower MAO levels are associated with aggressiveness and the sudden burst of anger and frustrations, especially impulsiveness (Englander 123). Another essential factor that was believed to be responsible for the development of aggression in men and the nurturing attitude of women is the social construction or the difference in how each was reared and molded by culture and society. A person’s social environment is accountable for the values inculcated in his or her personality. His or her socially-constructed identity is viewed to be inherent with his biological sex. Difference in gender has a widespread effect in the society, which was supported by documented knowledge in socio-biology and evolutionary psychology. This collection of knowledge states that men and women are irrevocably different in bodily configurations (Taylor & Spencer 41). Such disparities in gender can be alleviated through programs that will breach the inequality in gender such as having equal opportunity on the workplace. We could also start hastening changes through campaign programs that will call for equality between genders. Works Cited Doane, Molly. 2007. â€Å"Culture of United States of America†. Advameg, Inc. 11 November 2008 . Englander, Elizabeth Kandel. Understanding Violence. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2007. Padavic, Irene and Barabara F. Reskin. Women and Men at Work, 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press, 2002. Senior, Olive. Working Miracles. London: James Currey Ltd. , 1991. Taylor, Gary and Steve Spencer. Social Identities: Multidisciplinary Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Causes And Treatments Of Pancreatic Cancer - 968 Words

This paper will discuss pancreatic cancer, statistics of the disease, different types, treatments, and how your everyday nutrition intake can attract it and vice versa. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer in the world with very low survival rates depending on what stage you have. Over 95% of patients diagnosed will die from the disease, and most within one year of their diagnosis. There two main types of this disease being exocrine tumors (most commonly called adenocarcinoma) and endocrine tumors. The exocrine pancreas produces pancreatic enzymes necessary for digestion and transfers them into the ducts of the small intestine. The endocrine pancreas holds endocrine cells that are sorted into islets and releases hormones such as insulin into your bloodstream to regulate the use of body fuels such as glucose. Exocrine cancer is the more common of the two. Pancreatic cancer has 4 stages, and depending on which one is diagnosed to an individual there are different treatments and different amounts of chemo and radiation. There are also different treatments for each stage. The Whipple procedure can be used in all stages, but is one of the main treatment options for stage one. The other option for the first stage is a total pancreatectonomy with or without postoperative chemotherapy and radiation (Pancreatic Cancer, p.24). For stages two, three, and four, â€Å"treatment options include resection (if feasible), radiation with or without chemotherapy, and palliative biliaryShow MoreRelatedCauses And Treatments Of Pancreatic Cancer832 Words   |  4 Pages23 October 2015 Pancreatic Cancer Cancer is a number one cause of death in both men and women around the world. Pancreatic cancer holds a survival rate of just 6% of people surviving within five years after being diagnosed, and there is still no definite cure to the deadly diagnosis. 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